The study, published in the Journal of Neurotrauma, is the largest to date looking at long-term cognitive outcomes of TBI, with over 15,000 participants between the ages of 50 and 90. There were several key findings:
- Individuals who reported three lifetime mild TBIs had significantly worse executive and attention function compared to those who had never suffered a TBI.
- Those who had four or more lifetime mild TBIs additionally showed deficits in processing speed and working memory. Each additional reported concussion was associated with progressively worse cognitive function.
- While having multiple mild TBIs is linked to cognitive dysfunction, having just one moderate to severe TBI is associated with worsened attention, executive and processing speed capacity.
The researchers say people who have had concussions should be warned of the dangers of continuing high-risk sport or work.
Luke Griggs, Chief Executive of Headway - the brain injury association said:
“This new research builds on our understanding of the short and long-term effects of concussion, strengthening the growing body of evidence on this important issue.
“So much more needs to be done to improve in-game concussion management in contact sport, but the cumulative effect of repeated blows to the head is now beginning to be addressed as well – and not before time.
“This study clearly highlights how the frequency and severity of brain injury is linked to cognitive dysfunction, which can impact all areas of your professional and personal life. This is not just about sport.
“The cognitive impact of concussion and repeated blows to the head is one that must be taken seriously.”
The paper was co-authored by researchers from the University of Exeter, University of Oxford, Kings College London, Imperial College London and Harvard University.
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